WHY? 利息都降了,可我怎么还贷不到我想要的款呢?
“听说最近利息又降了,好像都到1%了”
“是的,听说市场又回暖了,我看新闻说房价都开始回升了”
“可是为什么年薪10万,却还是贷不到我想要的款呢?”
……
最近VIP Mortgage接到非常多的新老客户电话和微信询问,总结一下,大家的迷惑主要集中在:
6月份大小银行都跟着央行降了利息;
主要城市特别是悉尼墨尔本的房屋清盘率节节上升;
朋友圈里到处可见的软文都说是房产市场复苏,银行政策放松。
可是,为什么申请贷款的客户仍感受不到这个利好,仍旧觉得银行的审核结果和自己的预期有巨大的误差呢?
降息,并不能影响你“能借多少钱”
我们在申请贷款的时候,主要关心两个问题,一是利息好不好;第二便是我能借多少钱?
央行和各大银行降息让我们明显感受到贷款利率的下降;但是“能借多少钱”,却和降息没有多少太大的关系。
银行在贷款审批过程中有几个非常重要的指标,不同的银行根据自身情况设置的这些指标松紧度各不同,但是如果这几个指标没有大的改进,单单靠央行降息,还远不足以改变房贷市场现状,也是就是大家“借更多的钱的问题”。
审核利率 Assessment rate 和 实际利率 Actual rate
“你们能做到的最低利息是多少?”
“2.99%”
“太好了,我年薪10万,我觉得我申请100万自住房贷款,应该没问题。一年还贷就算本息同还也才5万。”
“对不起,根据银行评估,您贷不到100万的额度。因为银行审批您的贷款申请是用的是审核利率Assessment rate而不是最低的这个实际利率Actual rate”
Assessment rate 影响你的实际借款能力
在解释这个概念之前,先简单说明另外两个相关利息的含义:
- Standard variable rate, 标准浮动利息。银行根据自己的融资成本给出的浮动利息,以ANZ银行为例,本月宣布跟进央行降息0.25%后,标准浮动利息在4.93%-6.17%不等(根据自住/投资,本息同还/只还利息等不同情况而有所差异);
- Discounted variable rate, 折扣浮动利息。这个和客人具体的贷款金额直接挂钩,额度越高折扣越多。还以ANZ银行为例,最近我们帮一位客人做到了3.49%的折扣浮息,降息后将是3.24%,在主流银行这个利息已经是相当有竞争力的了。
贷款审批通过后,客人当然能拿到称心满意的折扣浮动利息,郁闷的是,在审批时,银行的审核员却不是用折扣后的利息计算申请人的贷款偿还能力,甚至不是用更高的标准浮动利息,而是最高的Assessment rate。
这个利率的由来是因为银行担心申请人在将来银行升息后,因为自己的收入和存款预算太紧而导致现金流断裂,而出现无法偿还每月最低还款的情况,所以在标准浮动利息的基础上,要再加2-3%的利息后,计算申请人的借贷能力。
10万年薪根据Assessment rate能借多少钱?
现在主流银行的Assessment rate基本上在7.25%上下,这是什么概念?以上文我们收到的这个客户询问为例,单以他10万的年薪而言,如果他还是单身,不介意隔三差五吃泡面,同时尽量宅在家里不乱花钱,那么偿还100万的自住房贷款的还款应该还是没什么问题的。然而,经过银行保守的Assessment rate计算,他的借款顿时降到60万不到吧。
澳洲金融审慎局APRA仍然要求维持现有审核利率 2-3%的上浮利息是否太过?
上调了那么高难道银行不想做生意了?
其实归根结底还要回到澳洲金融审慎局APRA, 该机构的大佬们发话了:咱们用大数据说话,上浮利息定多少看你们的贷款客户违约率,于是就出现了2015年起,Assessment rate节节升高的一幕,直到现在还维持在7.25%的高位。在正常利息上涨的通道上,这种考量也无可厚非。
但是,明明最近的利率都在下调……要是还维持着这么高的Assessment rate是否还合适呢?
这不,最近有些银行按耐不住,上午更新准备下调这个利率,可是下午就被APRA打脸,收回原计划。不过APRA是否会一直守着现状不变呢?未必,该机构在主导了这轮房产信贷灭火行动到现在也累积了不少怨念,虽然是为了澳洲房产经济好,但是重压之下里里外外都得罪人,眼看现在市场趋于稳定,何不趁着一个恰好的时机就借坡下驴?在笔者看来这个拐点就在下次央行降息了,如果下半年再降一次息,上文提到的折扣利息都降到2开头了,APRA你还好意思阻着各大商行们望眼欲穿的放贷心情继续坚持7点几的Assessment rate去审核申请人的借贷能力?让我们拭目以待吧。
话说还有其他指标影响借贷能力吗?当然,不过咱们就留在下次探讨吧。
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